Get started in Kubernetes

This section guides you through every step of installing and running Apache Pulsar with Helm on Kubernetes quickly, including the following sections:

Install the Apache Pulsar on Kubernetes using Helm
Start and stop Apache Pulsar
Create topics using pulsar-admin
Produce and consume messages using Pulsar clients
Monitor Apache Pulsar status with Prometheus and Grafana

For deploying a Pulsar cluster for production usage, read the documentation on how to configure and install a Pulsar Helm chart.

Prerequisite

Kubernetes server 1.14.0+
kubectl 1.14.0+
Helm 3.0+

tip

For the following steps, step 2 and step 3 are for developers and step 4 and step 5 are for administrators.

Step 0: Prepare a Kubernetes cluster

Before installing a Pulsar Helm chart, you have to create a Kubernetes cluster. You can follow the instructions to prepare a Kubernetes cluster.

We use Minikube in this quick start guide. To prepare a Kubernetes cluster, follow these steps:

Create a Kubernetes cluster on Minikube.
```
minikube start --memory=8192 --cpus=4 --kubernetes-version=<k8s-version>
```
The <k8s-version> can be any Kubernetes version supported by your Minikube installation, such as v1.16.1.
Set kubectl to use Minikube.
```
kubectl config use-context minikube
```
To use the Kubernetes Dashboard with the local Kubernetes cluster on Minikube, enter the command below:
```
minikube dashboard
```
The command automatically triggers opening a webpage in your browser.

Step 1: Install Pulsar Helm chart

Add Pulsar charts repo.

helm repo add apache https://pulsar.apache.org/charts

helm repo update

Clone the Pulsar Helm chart repository.

git clone https://github.com/apache/pulsar-helm-chart
cd pulsar-helm-chart

Run the script prepare_helm_release.sh to create secrets required for installing the Apache Pulsar Helm chart. The username pulsar and password pulsar are used for logging into the Grafana dashboard and Pulsar Manager.
```
./scripts/pulsar/prepare_helm_release.sh \
    -n pulsar \
    -k pulsar-mini \
    -c
```
Use the Pulsar Helm chart to install a Pulsar cluster to Kubernetes.

note
You need to specify --set initialize=true when installing Pulsar the first time. This command installs and starts Apache Pulsar.
```
helm install \
    --values examples/values-minikube.yaml \
    --set initialize=true \
    --namespace pulsar \
    pulsar-mini apache/pulsar
```

Check the status of all pods.

kubectl get pods -n pulsar

If all pods start up successfully, you can see that the STATUS is changed to Running or Completed.

Output

NAME                                         READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE
pulsar-mini-bookie-0                         1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-bookie-init-5gphs                0/1     Completed   0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-broker-0                         1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-grafana-6b7bcc64c7-4tkxd         1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-prometheus-5fcf5dd84c-w8mgz      1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-proxy-0                          1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-pulsar-init-t7cqt                0/1     Completed   0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-pulsar-manager-9bcbb4d9f-htpcs   1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-toolset-0                        1/1     Running     0          9m27s
pulsar-mini-zookeeper-0                      1/1     Running     0          9m27s

Check the status of all services in the namespace pulsar.

kubectl get services -n pulsar

Output

NAME                         TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                       AGE
pulsar-mini-bookie           ClusterIP      None             <none>        3181/TCP,8000/TCP             11m
pulsar-mini-broker           ClusterIP      None             <none>        8080/TCP,6650/TCP             11m
pulsar-mini-grafana          LoadBalancer   10.106.141.246   <pending>     3000:31905/TCP                11m
pulsar-mini-prometheus       ClusterIP      None             <none>        9090/TCP                      11m
pulsar-mini-proxy            LoadBalancer   10.97.240.109    <pending>     80:32305/TCP,6650:31816/TCP   11m
pulsar-mini-pulsar-manager   LoadBalancer   10.103.192.175   <pending>     9527:30190/TCP                11m
pulsar-mini-toolset          ClusterIP      None             <none>        <none>                        11m
pulsar-mini-zookeeper        ClusterIP      None             <none>        2888/TCP,3888/TCP,2181/TCP    11m

Step 2: Use pulsar-admin to create Pulsar tenants/namespaces/topics

pulsar-admin is the CLI (command-Line Interface) tool for Pulsar. In this step, you can use pulsar-admin to create resources, including tenants, namespaces, and topics.

Enter the toolset container.

kubectl exec -it -n pulsar pulsar-mini-toolset-0 -- /bin/bash

In the toolset container, create a tenant named apache.
```
bin/pulsar-admin tenants create apache
```
Then you can list the tenants to see if the tenant is created successfully.
```
bin/pulsar-admin tenants list
```
You should see a similar output as below. The tenant apache has been successfully created.
```
"apache"
"public"
"pulsar"
```
In the toolset container, create a namespace named pulsar in the tenant apache.
```
bin/pulsar-admin namespaces create apache/pulsar
```
Then you can list the namespaces of tenant apache to see if the namespace is created successfully.
```
bin/pulsar-admin namespaces list apache
```
You should see a similar output as below. The namespace apache/pulsar has been successfully created.
```
"apache/pulsar"
```
In the toolset container, create a topic test-topic with 4 partitions in the namespace apache/pulsar.
```
bin/pulsar-admin topics create-partitioned-topic apache/pulsar/test-topic -p 4
```
In the toolset container, list all the partitioned topics in the namespace apache/pulsar.
```
bin/pulsar-admin topics list-partitioned-topics apache/pulsar
```
Then you can see all the partitioned topics in the namespace apache/pulsar.
```
"persistent://apache/pulsar/test-topic"
```

Step 3: Use Pulsar client to produce and consume messages

You can use the Pulsar client to create producers and consumers to produce and consume messages.

By default, the Pulsar Helm chart exposes the Pulsar cluster through a Kubernetes LoadBalancer. In Minikube, you can use the following command to check the proxy service.

kubectl get services -n pulsar | grep pulsar-mini-proxy

You will see a similar output as below.

pulsar-mini-proxy            LoadBalancer   10.97.240.109    <pending>     80:32305/TCP,6650:31816/TCP   28m

This output tells what are the node ports that Pulsar cluster's binary port and HTTP port are mapped to. The port after 80: is the HTTP port while the port after 6650: is the binary port.

Then you can find the IP address and exposed ports of your Minikube server by running the following command.

minikube service pulsar-mini-proxy -n pulsar

Output

|-----------|-------------------|-------------|-------------------------|
| NAMESPACE |       NAME        | TARGET PORT |           URL           |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------|-------------------------|
| pulsar    | pulsar-mini-proxy | http/80     | http://172.17.0.4:32305 |
|           |                   | pulsar/6650 | http://172.17.0.4:31816 |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------|-------------------------|
🏃  Starting tunnel for service pulsar-mini-proxy.
|-----------|-------------------|-------------|------------------------|
| NAMESPACE |       NAME        | TARGET PORT |          URL           |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------|------------------------|
| pulsar    | pulsar-mini-proxy |             | http://127.0.0.1:61853 |
|           |                   |             | http://127.0.0.1:61854 |
|-----------|-------------------|-------------|------------------------|

At this point, you can get the service URLs to connect to your Pulsar client. Here are URL examples:

webServiceUrl=http://127.0.0.1:61853/
brokerServiceUrl=pulsar://127.0.0.1:61854/

Then you can proceed with the following steps:

Download the Apache Pulsar tarball from the downloads page.
Decompress the tarball based on your download file.
```
tar -xf <file-name>.tar.gz
```
Expose PULSAR_HOME.

(1) Enter the directory of the decompressed download file.

(2) Expose PULSAR_HOME as the environment variable.
```
export PULSAR_HOME=$(pwd)
```
Configure the Pulsar client.

In the ${PULSAR_HOME}/conf/client.conf file, replace webServiceUrl and brokerServiceUrl with the service URLs you get from the above steps.
Create a subscription to consume messages from apache/pulsar/test-topic.
```
bin/pulsar-client consume -s sub apache/pulsar/test-topic  -n 0
```

Open a new terminal. In the new terminal, create a producer and send 10 messages to the test-topic topic.

bin/pulsar-client produce apache/pulsar/test-topic  -m "---------hello apache pulsar-------" -n 10

Verify the results.

From the producer side

Output

The messages have been produced successfully.

18:15:15.489 [main] INFO  org.apache.pulsar.client.cli.PulsarClientTool - 10 messages successfully produced

From the consumer side

Output

At the same time, you can receive the messages as below.

----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------
----- got message -----
---------hello apache pulsar-------

Step 4: Use Pulsar Manager to manage the cluster

Pulsar Manager is a web-based GUI management tool for managing and monitoring Pulsar.

By default, the Pulsar Manager is exposed as a separate LoadBalancer. You can open the Pulsar Manager UI using the following command:
```
minikube service -n pulsar pulsar-mini-pulsar-manager
```
The Pulsar Manager UI will be open in your browser. You can use the username pulsar and password pulsar to log into Pulsar Manager.
In Pulsar Manager UI, you can create an environment.
- Click New Environment button in the top-left corner.
- Type pulsar-mini for the field Environment Name in the popup window.
- Type http://pulsar-mini-broker:8080 for the field Service URL in the popup window.
- Click Confirm button in the popup window.
After successfully creating an environment, you are redirected to the tenants page of that environment. Then you can create tenants, namespaces and topics using the Pulsar Manager.

Step 5: Use Prometheus and Grafana to monitor cluster

Grafana is an open-source visualization tool, which can be used for visualizing time series data into dashboards.

By default, the Grafana is exposed as a separate LoadBalancer. You can open the Grafana UI using the following command:
```
minikube service pulsar-mini-grafana -n pulsar
```
The Grafana UI is open in your browser. You can use the username pulsar and password pulsar to log into the Grafana Dashboard.
You can view dashboards for different components of a Pulsar cluster.